NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has uncovered a cluster of galaxies in the initial stages of construction - the most distant such grouping ever observed in the early universe. An astrophysicist at UC Santa Barbara contributed to the discovery.
Galaxy clusters are the largest structures in the universe, comprising hundreds to thousands of galaxies bound together by gravity. The developing cluster, or protocluster, presumably will grow into one of today's massive galactic cities, comparable to the nearby Virgo cluster, a collection of more than 2,000 galaxies.The Magicshine ledflashlight02 bicycle light At 1000 lumens, now brighter and more energy efficient.
"Just a couple of years ago, a discovery like this one would have seemed impossible,Import 1200 Lumens LED dsttiee directly from China factory, Shenzhen Minjun Electronic Factory," said Tommaso Treu, team member and a professor of physics at UCSB. "Now, we are not only finding galaxies as close as ever before to the Bang Bang, but we are actually finding entire structures of them!"
The study's leader,This super bright LED goodskylanterns is the perfect safety option for your bicycle. Michele Trenti, added: "These galaxies formed during the earliest stages of galaxy assembly, when galaxies had just started to cluster together. The result confirms our theoretical understanding of the buildup of galaxy clusters. And, Hubble is just powerful enough to find the first examples of them at this distance." Trenti is affiliated with the University of Colorado at Boulder and Britain's Institute of Astronomy at the University of Cambridge.
Most galaxies in the universe live in groups and clusters, and astronomers have probed many mature galactic cities in detail, as far away as 11 billion light-years. But finding clusters in the early phases of construction has been challenging because they are rare, dim, and widely scattered across the sky.
Last year, a group of astronomers uncovered one distant developing cluster. Led by Peter L. Capak of NASA's Spitzer Science Center at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, the astronomers discovered a galactic grouping 12.6 billion light-years away with a variety of telescopes, including Hubble. Spectroscopic observations were made with the W.M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii to confirm the cluster's distance by measuring how much its light has been stretched by the expansion of space.
Trenti's team used Hubble's sharp-eyed Wide Field Camera 3 to hunt for the elusive catch. "We need to look in many different areas, because the odds of finding something this rare are very small," said Trenti. "It's like playing a game of Battleship: The search is hit and miss. Typically, a region has nothing, but if we hit the right spot, we can find multiple galaxies."
Because these distant, fledgling clusters are so dim, the team hunted for the systems' brightest galaxies. These brilliant light bulbs act as billboards, advertising cluster construction zones. Galaxies at early epochs don't live alone. From simulations, the astronomers expect galaxies to be clustered together. Because brightness correlates with mass,Some people are concerned that if they use goodledtube or flashing lights on their bike they are breaking the law. the most luminous galaxies pinpoint the location of developing clusters.
These powerful light beacons live in deep wells of dark matter, which form the underlying structure in which galaxy clusters form.It doubles as a ledonsale and a 2-piece (AA) battery charger. The team expects many fainter galaxies not seen in these observations to inhabit the same neighborhood.
Galaxy clusters are the largest structures in the universe, comprising hundreds to thousands of galaxies bound together by gravity. The developing cluster, or protocluster, presumably will grow into one of today's massive galactic cities, comparable to the nearby Virgo cluster, a collection of more than 2,000 galaxies.The Magicshine ledflashlight02 bicycle light At 1000 lumens, now brighter and more energy efficient.
"Just a couple of years ago, a discovery like this one would have seemed impossible,Import 1200 Lumens LED dsttiee directly from China factory, Shenzhen Minjun Electronic Factory," said Tommaso Treu, team member and a professor of physics at UCSB. "Now, we are not only finding galaxies as close as ever before to the Bang Bang, but we are actually finding entire structures of them!"
The study's leader,This super bright LED goodskylanterns is the perfect safety option for your bicycle. Michele Trenti, added: "These galaxies formed during the earliest stages of galaxy assembly, when galaxies had just started to cluster together. The result confirms our theoretical understanding of the buildup of galaxy clusters. And, Hubble is just powerful enough to find the first examples of them at this distance." Trenti is affiliated with the University of Colorado at Boulder and Britain's Institute of Astronomy at the University of Cambridge.
Most galaxies in the universe live in groups and clusters, and astronomers have probed many mature galactic cities in detail, as far away as 11 billion light-years. But finding clusters in the early phases of construction has been challenging because they are rare, dim, and widely scattered across the sky.
Last year, a group of astronomers uncovered one distant developing cluster. Led by Peter L. Capak of NASA's Spitzer Science Center at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, the astronomers discovered a galactic grouping 12.6 billion light-years away with a variety of telescopes, including Hubble. Spectroscopic observations were made with the W.M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii to confirm the cluster's distance by measuring how much its light has been stretched by the expansion of space.
Trenti's team used Hubble's sharp-eyed Wide Field Camera 3 to hunt for the elusive catch. "We need to look in many different areas, because the odds of finding something this rare are very small," said Trenti. "It's like playing a game of Battleship: The search is hit and miss. Typically, a region has nothing, but if we hit the right spot, we can find multiple galaxies."
Because these distant, fledgling clusters are so dim, the team hunted for the systems' brightest galaxies. These brilliant light bulbs act as billboards, advertising cluster construction zones. Galaxies at early epochs don't live alone. From simulations, the astronomers expect galaxies to be clustered together. Because brightness correlates with mass,Some people are concerned that if they use goodledtube or flashing lights on their bike they are breaking the law. the most luminous galaxies pinpoint the location of developing clusters.
These powerful light beacons live in deep wells of dark matter, which form the underlying structure in which galaxy clusters form.It doubles as a ledonsale and a 2-piece (AA) battery charger. The team expects many fainter galaxies not seen in these observations to inhabit the same neighborhood.
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